Yazı: Selim Rumi Civralı

Dipnotlar

1 Hobsbawm, Eric, Terence Ranger, 2002, The

Invention of Tradition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2 Gerstle, Gary, 2001, American Crucible: Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century, Princeton: Princeton University Press, ss. 4-5, 8-9.

3 Jane Austen, 2005 [1817], Northranger Abbey: Webster’s Thesaurus Edition, San Diego: ICON, s. 7.

4 Adelman, Melvin L., 1986, A Sporting Time: New York City and the Rise of Modern Athletics, 1820-70, Urbana: Illini, s. 111.

5 Rhoden, William, 2007, Forty Million Dollar Slaves: The Rise, Fall, and Redemption of the Black Athlete, New York: Three Rivers Press, s. 59.

6 Douglass, Frederick, 2007, My Bondage, My Freedom, New Haven & London: Yale University Press, s. 251.

7 Spalding, Albert G., 1911, America’s National Game, New York: American Sports Publishing Company, ss. 3-14.

8 8 Zinn, Howard, 2003, A People’s History of the United States: 1492-Present, New York: Harper Perennial, s. 240.

9 Gelber, Steven M., 1983, “Working at Playing: The Culture of the Workplace and the Rise of Baseball”, Journal of Social History, 16: 3-21.

10 Gorn, Elliott J., Warren Goldstein, 2004, A Brief History of American Sports, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, s. 82.

11 Hobsbawm, The Invention of Tradition, s. 9.

12 Putney, Clifford, 2003, Muscular Christianity: Manhood and Sports in Protestant America, 1880-1920, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

13 Gems, Gerald R., Linda J. Borish, Gertrud Pfister, 2008, Sports in American History: from Colonization to Globalization, Human Kinetics, s. 139.

14 Barth, Gunther, 1980, City People: The Rise of Modern City Culture in Nineteenth-Century America, New York: Oxford University Press, ss. 165-67.

15 Kirsch, George B., 2000, “Baseball”, George B. Kirsch, Othello Harris, Claire E. Nolte (der.), Encyclopedia of Ethnicity and Sports in the United States, Westport,Conn.: Greenwood Press, s. 45-46.

16 A.g.e., s. 48.

17 Pope, Steven W., 1997, Patriotic Games: Sporting Traditions in the American Imagination, 1876-1926, New York: Oxford University Press, ss. 77-78.